Border control is the measures taken by a state or a bloc of states to monitor its borders and regulate the movement of people, animals, and goods across the border.
States and rulers have always regarded the ability to determine who enters or remains in their territories as a key test of their sovereignty, but prior to World War I, border controls were only sporadically implemented. In medieval Europe, for example, the boundaries between rival countries and centres of power were largely symbolic or consisted of amorphous borderlands, ‘marches’ and ‘debatable lands’ of indeterminate or contested status and the real ‘borders’ consisted of the fortified walls that surrounded towns and cities, where the authorities could exclude undesirable or incompatible people at the gates, from vagrants, beggars and the ‘wandering poor’, to ‘masterless women’, lepers, Romani or Jews. The concept of a travel document such as a passport needed to clear border controls in the modern sense has been traced back to the reign of Henry V of England, as a means of helping his subjects prove who they were in foreign lands. The earliest reference to these documents is found ...
There are multiple aspects of border control. Quarantine edit Quarantine policies exist to control the spread of disease. When applied as a component of border control, such policies focus primarily on mitigating the entry of infected individuals, plants, or animals into a country. Customs edit Each country has its own laws and regulations for the import and export of goods into and out of a country, which its customs authority enforces. The import or export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden, in which case customs controls enforce such policies. Customs enforcement at borders can also entail collecting excise tax and preventing the smuggling of dangerous or illegal goods. A customs duty is a tariff or tax on the importation (usually) or exportation (unusually) of goods. In many countries, border controls for arriving passengers at many international airports and some road crossings are separated into red and green channels in order to prioritise customs enforcement. Within t...
Webinar hosting is an arrangement by which organizations host webinars of varying lengths, allow people to attend those webinars using software, and then charge a fee (usually per attendee) for each individual who uses the webinar. The host will generally charge either a fixed monthly fee or a set setup fee. The setup fee is intended to cover hardware and software, plus promotion. The monthly fee allows the host to make a profit from webinars. This article looks at some of the ways that webinar hosting can be used. There are several kinds of presentations, which are used in webinar hosting. Most commonly, a presenter will give a written presentation, often on a computer screen. He will introduce his audience, give a Q&A session, discuss one topic, answer questions, suggest another topic, etc., as needed. The topics are predetermined, although sometimes the presenters can contribute something in their opening or closing remarks. After the introduction, the presenter will welcome at...
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